On my last landscape trip I witnessed a truly beautiful natural phenomenon. As I arrived at Hunstanton beach and gazed at the sunset it appeared as if there were not one but two setting suns in the sky, both positioned low on the horizon, the second with a hint of a rainbow-hued glimmer in an arc shape.
This optical atmospheric effect is called a parhelion, or sun dog and is one of many types of ice halo caused by the refraction and reflection of sunlight through small ice crystals high up in the atmosphere.
I discovered that the atmospheric conditions had also created a faint sun pillar in the photograph, which is not caused by a vertical ray of light at all, but by the glinting of many tiny hexagonal-shaped plate ice-crystals, the same shape of ice crystals that create sundogs.
Many thanks to atmospheric optics expert Les Cowley for his assistance in identifying the specific type of atmospheric optical effects I had observed and for providing a scientific diagram and full explanation of the optical effects in my image.